1. Forging can change the metal structure and improve the metal properties. After the ingot is hot forged, the original as-cast looseness, pores, micro-cracks, etc. are compacted or welded; the original dendrites are broken to make the grains finer; at the same time, the original carbide segregation and unevenness are changed. Distributed to make the structure uniform, so as to obtain forgings with internal compactness, uniformity, fineness, good comprehensive performance and reliable use. After the forging is deformed by hot forging, the metal is a fibrous structure; after being deformed by cold forging, the metal crystal is ordered.
2. Forging is a workpiece that makes the metal flow plastically to make the desired shape. After the metal is subjected to plastic flow by external force, the volume remains unchanged, and the metal always flows to the part with the least resistance. In production, the shape of the workpiece is often controlled according to these laws to achieve deformation such as upsetting and drawing, reaming, bending, and deep drawing.
3. The size of the forged workpiece is accurate, which is conducive to the organization of mass production. The dimensions of die forging, extrusion, stamping and other applications are accurate and stable. High-efficiency forging machinery and automatic forging production lines can be used to organize specialized mass or mass production.
4. The production process of forging includes blanking, heating and pretreatment of forging blanks before forming; heat treatment, cleaning, correction and inspection of workpieces after forming. Commonly used forging machines include forging hammers, hydraulic presses and mechanical presses. The forging hammer has a large impact speed, which is conducive to the plastic flow of the metal, but it will produce vibration; the static forging of the hydraulic press is conducive to forging through the metal and improving the structure, and the work is stable, but the productivity is low; the stroke of the mechanical press is fixed, which is easy to realize mechanization. and automation. In the future, the forging process will focus on improving the intrinsic quality of forging parts, developing precision forging and precision stamping technology, developing forging equipment and forging production lines with higher productivity and automation, developing flexible forging and forming systems, and developing new forging materials and forging processing methods. develop.